A Focus on “Bio” in Bio–Nanoscience: The Impact of Biological Factors on Nanomaterial Interactions

Bio–nanoscience research encompasses studies on the interactions of nanomaterials with biological structures or what is commonly referred to as biointerface. Fundamental influence nanomaterial properties, including size, shape, composition, and charge, interaction biointerface have been central in bio–nanoscience assess efficacy safety for a range biomedical applications. However, state cells, tissues, models can also behavior at their intracellular processing. Focusing “bio” bio–nano, this review discusses impact properties cellular, tissue, whole organism level that influences behavior, cell type, cycle, tumor physiology, disease states. Understanding how factors be addressed exploited enhance accumulation uptake guide design better suitable improve outcomes materials nanomedicine.